An2 Aircraft - ) is a mass-produced Soviet monoplane utility/agricultural aircraft, designed and manufactured by the Antonov Design Bureau from 1947.
Its durability, high lifting power and ability to take off and land on rough runways have given it a long service life. The An-2 was produced until 2001 and remains in service with military and civilian operators around the world.
An2 Aircraft
The An-2 was designed as a utility aircraft for use in forestry and agriculture, but the basic airframe is highly adaptable and many variations of the type have been developed. These include versions equipped with hoppers for crop spreading, scientific versions for atmospheric sampling, water bombardments for fighting forest fires, flying ambulances, seaplane versions equipped with floats and paratroopers for the drop.
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The most common version is the 12-seat An-2T passenger aircraft. All versions (except the An-3 and An-2-100) were powered by a 750 kW (1,010 hp) nine-cylinder Shvetsov ASh-62 radial engine, derived from the Wright R-1820.
The Antonov An-2 was designed to meet a 1940s Soviet Forestry Ministry requirement for a much lighter, largely wooden airframe replacement for the Polikarpov Po-2, which was widely used in the agriculture and used in useful roles. Antonov designed a large single-bay biplane of all-metal construction, with an enclosed cockpit and a cabin that could accommodate twelve passengers. The first prototype, designated SKh-1 and powered by the Shvetsov ASh-21 radial engine, flew on August 31, 1947. The second prototype was equipped with the more powerful Shvetsov ASh-62 engine, which significantly increased the payload of the airplane. 1,300–2,140 kg (2,870–4,720 lb), and was ordered into production in this form.
Initial Soviet production was at State Plant 473 in kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, where a gross of 5,000 units were produced in 1960. Later Soviet production (after 1965, especially the An -2M) was at State Factory 464. Dolgoprudniy, Russian SFSR. After 1960, most An-2s were built at WSK's Polish factory in Mielec. It is believed that over 13,000 aircraft were built in Poland in 1991 before main production activity.
Until 2001, limited production was achieved using leftover inventory to cover components, spares and maintenance, such as a small batch of four aircraft produced for Vietnam.
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It is sometimes incorrectly reported that there was East German production of the An-2; While the An-2s often underwent extensive repairs at East German facilities, no new aircraft were built there.
An-2 is generally used as a light utility transport, parachute aircraft, agricultural work and other tasks suitable for large slow biplanes. Its slow flight and good short-field performance make it suitable for short, unimproved terrain, and some special types are also designed for cold weather and other extreme weather conditions. The Guinness Book of World Records says the An-2's 45-year production run was the longest of any aircraft type and surpassed Polikarpov Poo's lightest two-decade production run by the end of the 1920s. -2 biplanes it was intended to replace. The An-2 record was surpassed by the original 1954 four-engine Lockheed C-130 Hercules military transport.
In the early 1980s, Antonov experimented with the development of the An-2, powered by a modern turboprop. The unit used was a 1,080 kW (1,450 hp) Glushkov generator set. Aircraft fitted with this gene had a long, streamlined nose to accommodate. He received the name Antonov An-3.
During 2013, Antonov announced that it had successfully flown for the first time a new version of the An-2, called An-2-100, equipped with a reversible three-bladed propeller and 1,100 kW installed (1). , 500 shp) The Motor Sich MS-14 turboprop engine runs on kerosene instead of Avgas, which is no longer produced in CIS countries.
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In the same year, the company said it had received orders to upgrade "hundreds" of An-2 aircraft still in service in Azerbaijan, Cuba and Russia to the improved An-2-100 version.
The Siberian Aviation Research Institute (SIBNIA) tested a heavily modified Antonov N-2 with carbon fiber fin-like reinforcements and carbon fiber wing structures. It was fitted with a five-bladed turboprop engine, most likely the Honeywell TPE331 powering the modern version of the An-2 which entered service in 2014. According to Russian airline Sukhoi, the aircraft was built to demonstrate aerodynamics and structure. The changes announced on June 10, 2015 were intended to replace the eventual An-2. Autoclave-made carbon fiber composite materials - including wing panels, spars and ribs - are produced by the Novosibirsk Aviation Plant. Sukhoi says the design change improved the An-2's speed by 50%, and tests also showed that the aircraft's minimum speed is "close to zero".
The Antonov An-2 is a mass-produced single-engine biplane commonly used as a utility and agricultural aircraft. It is intentionally designed with the least complex systems. The critical wing leading edge slats that allow the aircraft to fly slowly are fully automatic and closed by airflow through the wings. Once the speed drops below 64 km/h (40 mph), the slats expand as they are on elastic rubber springs.
Under normal conditions, takeoff is completed at 170 m (560 ft) while the landing roll requires 215 m (705 ft); These figures vary depending on various factors, such as aircraft takeoff/wetting weight, outside air temperature, surface roughness and headwind.
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The An-2 is equipped with various design features that make it suitable for operations in remote areas with shallow airstrips. It is equipped with a pneumatic braking system (as on heavy roads) for stopping on short tracks, connected to the air line with the compressor, therefore on the tires and the shock absorbers. The pressure can be adjusted without need. Installation of special equipment.
The batteries, while bulky, are relatively easy to remove, so the aircraft does not need a ground power pack to power the jet. Similarly, there is no need for an external fuel pump to refuel the aircraft as it is equipped with an on-board pump, which allows the tanks to be filled from simple fuel drums.
According to the operations manual, the An-2 has no stall speed. A pilot's manual note reads: "If the group departs under instrument conditions or at night, the pilot should pull the stick fully aft and maintain wing level. The slats leading edge speed will be approximately 64 km/h (40 mph) and when the aircraft decelerates to 40 km/h (25 mph), the aircraft will sink approximately from the size of the parachute disc down to the plane hits the ground. Be."
Thus, An-2 pilots reported that they were able to fly the aircraft under full control at 48 km/h (30 mph) (in contrast, the stall speed of the light four-seat Cessna approximately 80 ha.km/h (50 mph).
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This slow stall speed allows the aircraft to fly backwards relative to the ground: if the aircraft is hovering at around 56 km/h (35 mph), it will hover at 8 km/h (5 mph). While he is under total control.
The An-2's capabilities, visibility and flight characteristics, along with its status as the world's largest single production biplane, meant that demand for the An-2 increased in Western Europe and the United States. , where they were prized by collectors. From a classic aircraft, it is becoming an increasingly common sight at air shows. Many Western countries prohibit commercial use of the An-2 because the aircraft is not certified by the relevant national aviation authorities. These restrictions vary by country, but all prevent any "commercial" use of the An-2, with the exception of the United States, where since 1993 imported An-2s have been restricted to experimental verification.
The An-2 was widely adopted by the Soviet Air Force and other Eastern Bloc military forces. It was first used in a military context during the Korean War in the early 1950s.
The Vietnamese People's Air Force (VPAF) was another prolific user of the AN-2; During the Vietnam War, the service occasionally used this type as an attack aircraft. During the 1960s, a single An-2 attempting to eliminate South Vietnamese naval units was shot down by a US Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighter under the control of an intercept controller aircraft over the USS Long Beach.
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On January 12, 1968, it was installed by the United States Air Force at a secret TACAN site in northern Laos (year code: Lima Site 85/Phou Pha Ti) of Thailand In Vietnam. USAF fighter planes were attacked by three North Vietnamese. -2s for takeoff. A pair of An-2s fired into the post using a mixture of machine guns and rockets while a third An-2 hovered overhead to watch the attack.
Air America Bell UH-1B, XW-PHF refueling the site followed two attack aircraft. Using an AK-47, the American crew (Captain Ted Moore, Goldwood Kicker) managed to shoot down one of the An-2s while the second was shot down by combined ground and air fire.
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